1. Ker K, Mansukhani R, Shakur-Still H, et al. Tranexamic acid for gastrointestinal bleeding: can a reduction in the risk of death be discounted? A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from 64.724 bleeding patients. BMJ Open. 2023; 13: e059982. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/bmjopen/13/2/e059982.full.pdf .
2. The HALT-IT Trial Collaborators. Effects of a high-dose 24-h infusion of tranexamic acid on death and thromboembolic events in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding (HALT-IT): an international randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2020 Jun 20; 395 (10241): p. 1927–36.
3. NIHR. Tranexamic acid should not be used for patients with severe gastrointestinal bleeding. 2020. https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/tranexamic-acid-should-not-be-used-for-patients-with-severe-gastrointestinal-bleeding/#:~:text=They%20found%20that%20tranexamic%20acid,more%20seizures%20with%20tranexamic%20acid.
4. Burke E, Harkins P, dan Ahmed I. Is There a Role for Tranexamic Acid in Upper GI Bleeding? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Surg Res Pract. 2021; 2021: 8876991.
5. Brenner A, Afolabi A, Ahmad SM, Arribas M, Chaudhri R, Coats T, Cuzick J, Gilmore I, Hawkey C, Jairath V, Javaid K, Kayani A, Mutti M, Nadeem MA, Shakur-Still H, Stanworth S, Veitch A, Roberts I; HALT-IT Trial Collaborators. Tranexamic acid for acute gastrointestinal bleeding (the HALT-IT trial): statistical analysis plan for an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Trials. 2019 Jul 30;20(1):467. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-3561-7. PMID: 31362765; PMCID: PMC6668177.
6. Roberts I, Coats T, Edwards P, Gilmore I, Jairath V, Ker K, Manno D, Shakur H, Stanworth S, Veitch A. HALT-IT--tranexamic acid for the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials. 2014 Nov 19;15:450. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-450. PMID: 25409738; PMCID: PMC4253634.
7. Dionne JC, Oczkowski SJW, Hunt BJ, Antonelli M, Wijnberge M, Raasveld SJ, Vlaar APJ; for ESICM Transfusion Taskforce and the GUIDE Group. Tranexamic Acid in Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med. 2022 Mar 1;50(3):e313-e319. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005362. PMID: 34709209.