Efikasi Ivermectin untuk Profilaksis dan Terapi COVID-19

Oleh :

dr. Jocelyn Prima Utami

Ivermectin merupakan suatu obat antiparasit yang belakangan ini kerap dibicarakan sebagai profilaksis dan terapi coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Pembicaraan ini diawali oleh suatu studi di Australia yang melaporkan bahwa ivermectin dapat menghambat replikasi SARS-CoV-2 secara in vitro. Namun, manfaat in vitro ini belum tentu dapat ditranslasi secara klinis.

Ivermectin adalah obat antiparasit spektrum luas yang sudah digunakan lebih dari 35 tahun pada manusia dan hewan untuk menangani infeksi strongyloides, filaria, dan skabies. Obat ini tersedia dalam bentuk oral dan topikal dengan dosis standar 150–400 mcg/kg. Menurut beberapa studi, selain memiliki sifat antiparasit, ivermectin juga memiliki sifat antiviral terhadap beberapa virus RNA dan DNA, seperti virus dengue, HIV, dan virus influenza.[1,2]

Sekilas tentang Mekanisme Kerja Ivermectin

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Referensi

1. Kalfas S, Visvanathan K, Chan K, Drago J. The therapeutic potential of ivermectin for covid-19: a review of mechanisms and evidence. medRxiv. 2020.
2. Caly L, Druce JD, Catton MG, et al. The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Antiviral research. 2020 Apr 3:104787.
3. Gupta D, Sahoo AK, Singh A. Ivermectin: potential candidate for the treatment of Covid 19. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2020 Aug;24(4):369-71.
4. Kant S, Rastogi H, Bajpai J, Aggarwal K. Ivermectin–A Potent Weapon in the Anti-COVID-19 Armamentarium. IJCP. 2020 Oct;31(5).
5. Elgazzar A, Hany B, Youssef SA, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Pandemic. Clinicaltrials.gov. 2020. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04668469
6. Alam MT, Murshed R, Gomes PF, et al. Ivermectin as Pre-exposure Prophylaxis for COVID-19 among Healthcare Providers in a Selected Tertiary Hospital in Dhaka–An Observational Study. EJMED. 2020;2(6).
7. Rahman MA, Iqbal SA, Islam MA, et al. Comparison of viral clearance between ivermectin with doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin in COVID-19 patients. Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons. 2020 Jun 12:5-9.
8. Rajter JC, Sherman MS, Fatteh N, et al. Use of ivermectin is associated with lower mortality in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019: The ICON study. Chest. 2020 Oct 13.
9. Podder CS, Chowdhury N, Sina MI, Haque WM. Outcome of ivermectin treated mild to moderate COVID-19 cases: a single-centre, open-label, randomised controlled study. IMCJMS. 2020;14(002).
10. Camprubí D, Almuedo-Riera A, Martí-Soler H, et al. Lack of efficacy of standard doses of ivermectin in severe COVID-19 patients. Plos One. 2020;15(11):e0242184.
11. Chaccour C, Hammann F, Ramón-García S, Rabinovich NR. Ivermectin and COVID-19: Keeping Rigor in Times of Urgency. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2020 Jun;102(6):1156.
12. Hellwig MD, Maia A. A COVID-19 Prophylaxis? Lower incidence associated with prophylactic administration of Ivermectin. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 2020 Nov 28:106248.
13. Alam MT, Murshed R, Bhiuyan E, et al. A case series of 100 COVID-19 positive patients treated with combination of ivermectin and doxycycline. Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons. 2020 Jun 12:10-5.
14. Kory P, Meduri GU, Iglesias J, et al. Review of the Emerging Evidence Demonstrating the Efficacy of Ivermectin in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of COVID-19. OSFPreprints. 2020.

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