Kombinasi obat yang mengandung dekongestan, antihistamin, dan analgesik sering digunakan untuk penatalaksanaan common cold. Obat-obat ini biasanya dijual secara over-the-counter (OTC), sehingga distribusinya di masyarakat sangat luas. Berbagai uji klinis kemudian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas kombinasi obat-obat ini dalam mengatasi gejala common cold dan juga menilai efek sampingnya.[1-3]
Common cold adalah kumpulan gejala infeksi saluran pernapasan atas yang biasanya disebabkan oleh bermacam virus dan bersifat self-limiting. Gejala common cold dapat berupa rhinorrhea, hidung tersumbat, bersin, batuk, tenggorokan tidak nyaman, dan demam ringan. Selain itu, pasien juga mungkin mengalami sakit kepala ringan, malaise, myalgia, dan artralgia. Penatalaksanaan common cold bertujuan untuk mengatasi simtom dan mempersingkat durasi common cold.[3,4]
Kombinasi Dekongestan-Antihistamin-Analgesik yang Sering Digunakan untuk Tata Laksana Common Cold
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Referensi
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2. Schoor JV. Combination cold and flu medication. Professional Nursing Today. 2018;22(2):4-6.
3. Pappas DE, Hendley JO. The Common Cold and Decongestant Therapy. Pediatrics in Review. 2011;32(2):47-55. doi: 10.1542/pir.32-2-47
4. Allan GM, Arroll B. Prevention and treatment of the common cold: making sense of the evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2014;186(3):190-199. doi: 10.1503 /cmaj.121442
5. Gitawati R. Bahan Aktif Dalam Kombinasi Obat Flu dan Batuk-Pilek, dan Pemilihan Obat Flu yang Rasional. Media Litbangkes. 2014;24(1):10-18.
6. Salisbury AE. Oral Antihistamine/Decongestant/Analgesic Combinations for the Common Cold. American Family Physician. 2012;86(9):812-813.
7. Eco-Paediatrics. Oral antihistamine–decongestant–analgesic combinations for the common cold—do they work?. Evid Based Child Health. 2013;8:2061–2062. doi: 10.1002/ebch.1947
8. Eccles R, Fietze I, Rose UB. Rationale for Treatment of Common Cold and Flu with Multi-Ingredient Combination Products for Multi-Symptom Relief in Adults. Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases. 2014;4:73-82.
9. Woo T. Pharmacology of Cough and Cold Medicines. J Pediatr Health Care. 2008;22:73-79. doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2007.12.007
10. Malesker MA, Lyon PC, Ireland B, et al. Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Treatment for Acute Cough Associated With the Common Cold CHEST Expert Panel Report. CHEST. 2017;152(5):1021-1037.
11. Drugs. Antihistamine, decongestant, and analgesic combination (Oral). 2021. https://www.drugs.com/cons/antihistamine-decongestant-and-analgesic-combination.html
12. De Sutter AIM, van Driel ML, Kumar AA, Lesslar O, Skrt A. Oral antihistamine‐decongestant‐analgesic combinations for the common cold. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD004976. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004976.pub3
13. Kiran MD, Vakharia MP, Pawaskar JL, et al. Efficacy and safety of a fixed dose combination of paracetamol, chlorpheniramine maleate and phenylephrine in treatment of common cold: a phase IV, open-labelled, multi-centric study. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol. 2019;8(1):34-38.
14. Unuvar E, Yildit I, Kilic AY, et al. Is acetaminophen as effective as an antihistamine—decongestant—acetaminophen combination in relieving symptoms of acute nasopharyngitis in children? A randomised, controlled trial. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2007;71:1277-1285. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.05.002
15. George BO, Etzel JV, Ambizaz EM. The Common Cold: A Review of OTC Options. US Pharm. 2018;(43):6-10.
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