Interpretasi Hasil Rapid Test IgG dan IgM untuk COVID-19

Oleh :

dr. Nurul Falah

Pengetahuan terkait interpretasi hasil rapid test antibodi IgG dan IgM untuk COVID-19 sangat penting untuk dipahami oleh setiap klinisi. Pemeriksaan ini memiliki beberapa keunggulan seperti mudah, murah, hasil yang cepat, serta tidak harus dilakukan di laboratorium dengan biosecurity level II.[1,2]

Pemeriksaan rapid test COVID-19 awalnya digunakan untuk skrining populasi berisiko tinggi sebelum dilanjutkan dengan metode pemeriksaan yang lebih akurat, seperti reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Namun, rapid test antibodi ini dilaporkan memiliki hasil positif palsu yang tinggi, selain itu terdapat banyak studi yang memberikan hasil sensitivitas dan spesifitas tes yang rendah.[3,4]

Prinsip Kerja Rapid Test IgG dan IgM COVID-19

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Referensi

1. Dellière S, Salmona M, Minier M, et al. Evaluation of the COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test from Orient Gene Biotech. J Clin Microbiol. 2020;58(8):e01233-20.
2. Kaufer AM, Theis T, Lau KA, Gray JL, Rawlinson WD. Laboratory biosafety measures involving SARS-CoV-2 and the classification as a Risk Group 3 biological agent. Pathology. 2020;52(7):790-795.
3. Petherick A. World Report: developing antibody tests for SARS-CoV-2. Lancet. 2020;395:1101–1102.
4. Lisboa Bastos M, Tavaziva G, Abidi SK, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for covid-19: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020;370:m2516.
5. Batra R, Olivieri LG, Rubin D, et al. A comparative evaluation between the Abbott Panbio™ COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid test device and Abbott Architect™ SARS CoV-2 IgG assay. J Clin Virol. 2020;132:104645.
6. Lou B., Li T., Zheng S. Serology characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection since the exposure and post symptoms onset. medRxiv. 2020 doi: 10.1101/2020.03.23.20041707.
7. KK-W To, OT-Y Tsang, Leung W.-S. Temporal profiles of viral load in posterior oropharyngeal saliva samples and serum antibody responses during infection by SARS-CoV-2: an observational cohort study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2020;20(5):565–574.
8. Long Q.-X., Liu B.-Z., Deng H.-J. Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. Nat. Med. 2020 doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0897-1.
9. Li Z, Yi Y, Luo X, Xiong N, Liu Y, Li S, et al. Development and Clinical Application of A Rapid IgM‐IgG Combined Antibody Test for SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection Diagnosis. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020. 10.1002/jmv.25727.
10. Aryati. Aspek laboratorium COVID-19: Pemeriksaan serologi dan PCR. 2020. Available at
https://www.pdspatklin.or.id/assets/files/pdspatklin_2020_05_21_13_29_39.pdf
11. FDA. EUA Authorized Serology Test Performance. 2020. Available at https://www.fda.gov/medical-devices/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-emergency-use-authorizations-medical-devices/eua-authorized-serology-test-performance
12. Prazuck T, Colin M, Giachè S, et al. Evaluation of performance of two SARS-CoV-2 Rapid IgM-IgG combined antibody tests on capillary whole blood samples from the fingertip. PLoS One. 2020;15(9):e0237694. Published 2020 Sep 17. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237694.
13. Cassaniti I, Novazzi F, Giardina F, Salinaro F, Sachs M, Perlini S, et al. Performance of VivaDiag COVID‐19 IgM/IgG Rapid Test is inadequate for diagnosis of COVID‐19 in acute patients referring to emergency room department. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020. 10.1002/jmv.25800.
14. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor HK.01.07/MENKES/413/2020 Tentang Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
15. WHO. SARS-CoV-2 Antigen detecting rapid diagnostic test implementation projects. 2020. Available at https://www.who.int/news-room/articles-detail/sars-cov-2-antigen-detecting-rapid-diagnostic-test-implementation-projects
16. PDS PatKLIn. Pemeriksaan antigen rapid test SARS-CoV-2. 2020. Available at https://www.pdspatklin.or.id/assets/files/pdspatklin_2020_08_12_23_45_41.pdf
17. Dinnes J, Deeks JJ, Adriano A, Berhane S, Davenport C, et al. Cochrane COVID-19 Diagnostic Test Accuracy Group. Rapid, point-of-care antigen and molecular-based tests for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Aug 26;8:CD013705.
18. WHO. Deteksi antigen dalam diagnosis infeksi SARS-CoV-2 menggunakan imunoasai cepat. 2020. Available at https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/indonesia/covid19/deteksi-antigen-dalam-diagnosis-infeksi-sars-cov-2-menggunakan-imunoasai-cepat.pdf?sfvrsn=222f2be3_2