Manajemen Nyeri Prosedural pada Anak

Oleh :

Josephine Darmawan

Manajemen nyeri prosedural pada anak perlu diketahui oleh dokter karena nyeri akibat prosedur medis dapat memberikan pengalaman buruk kepada anak. Contoh prosedur medis sederhana yang dapat menyebabkan nyeri pada anak adalah imunisasi, pungsi vena, perawatan gigi, dan prosedur kegawatdaruratan minor seperti perawatan laserasi.

Nyeri prosedural sering tidak diperhatikan dan tidak ditangani dengan baik oleh petugas kesehatan. Padahal, pengalaman buruk akibat nyeri prosedural pada anak mungkin mengganggu respons nyeri di kemudian hari atau menimbulkan trauma psikis terhadap prosedur medis. Selain itu, apabila nyeri tidak diatasi, efek jangka pendek dan jangka panjang termasuk sensitisasi nyeri di kemudian hari mungkin terjadi.[1-4]

Nyeri prosedural dikategorikan dalam nyeri akut yang umumnya berhubungan dengan investigasi ataupun pengobatan medis. Penanganan nyeri prosedural dapat dilakukan secara nonfarmakologis ataupun farmakologis. Akan tetapi, tata laksana nyeri yang umum dilakukan sering gagal karena imaturitas sistem saraf anak membuat respons nyeri anak berbeda dengan pasien dewasa.

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Referensi

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