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Diagnosis Galactorrhea
Diagnosis galactorrhea dibuat berdasarkan anamnesis berupa keluhan adanya sekret seperti susu yang keluar dari puting dan tidak berhubungan dengan laktasi maupun kehamilan dapat membantu mengarahkan diagnosis galactorrhea.
Pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan penunjang dilakukan untuk membuktikan adanya galactorrhea serta etiologi yang mendasari.[3]
Anamnesis
Referensi
1. Atluri S, Sarathi V, Goel A, Boppana R, Shivaprasad C. Etiological profile of galactorrhoea. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Jul 1;22(4):489.
2. Agrawal P, Pursnani N, Parihar A, Singh B. Ranitidine-induced galactorrhea in a postmenopausal female. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2019 Sep 1;8(9):3057.
3. Vilar L, Abucham J, Albuquerque JL, Araujo LA, Azevedo MF, Boguszewski CL, et al. Controversial issues in the management of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas – An overview by the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Mar;62(2):236–63.
6. Uy EM, Asadipooya K. A case of normoprolactinemic galactorrhea following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case Rep Intern Med. 2018 Dec 6;6(1):8.
7. Pitale DL. Effectiveness of Cabergoline therapy in hyperprolactinemic infertility. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2019 May 28;8(6):2389.
8. Chen AX, Burt MG. Hyperprolactinaemia. Aust Prescr. 2017 Dec 1;40:220–4.
10. Khoohaphatthanakul S, Sriwijitkamol A. A 33-Year-Old Man with Gynaecomastia and Galactorrhea as the First Symptoms of Graves Hyperthyroidism. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2016;2016:1946824.
13. Sharma D, Murki S, Pratap T. Mastitis Neonatorum: An Interesting and Uncommon Condition Seen in Infants. J Neonatal Biol. 2017;06(01). https://www.omicsgroup.org/journals/mastitis-neonatorum-an-interesting-and-uncommon-condition-seen-in-infants-2157-7552-1000251.php?aid=87528
14. Sindi ST, Al-Agha AE. Galactorrhea in 15 year old adolescent female: A case report. Curr Pediatr Res. 2018;22(2). https://www.alliedacademies.org/abstract/galactorrhea-in-15-year-old-adolescent-female-a-case-report-10107.html
16. Abdulla MC. Galactorrhea and reversible pituitary hyperplasia in primary hypothyroidism. Thyroid Res Pract. 2018 May 1;15(2):94.
17. Navy H, Gardner K. Strategies for managing medication-induced hyperprolactinemia. 2018. https://www.mdedge.com/psychiatry/article/159114/schizophrenia-other-psychotic-disorders/strategies-managing-medication
18. Lucca JM. Galactorrhea Distressing Side Effects of Amisulpride. ARC J Pharm Sci. 2019;5(1). https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ajps/v5-i1/2.pdf
19. Brown B, Patti N, Rosenberger R, Rais T. Risperidone induced amenorrhea and galactorrhea in a case of an adolescent patient. Cogent Med. 2017 Jan 1;4(1):1328819.
20. Kukreti P. Rising Trend of Use of Antidepressants Induced Non- Puerperal Lactation: A Case Report. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016. http://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2016&volume=10&issue=6&page=VD01&issn=0973-709x&id=7928
21. Mishra S, Nath S, Mishra BR, Pattnaik JI. Euprolactinemic galactorrhea with paroxetine: Exploring the missing link. Indian J Psychol Med. 2019 Jul 1;41(4):395.
22. Jeet R. Effect of calcium channel blockers on the serum prolactin levels. 2015.
23. Osman N, Ismail A. The Impact of Hemodialysis on Serum Prolactin and Testosterone Level in CKD Male Patients. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2016 Feb 1;15:61–5.
24. Jindal N, Jain VK, Aggarwal S, Kaur S. Ipsilateral galactorrhea following zoster of the T4 dermatome. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2014 Nov 1;80(6):540.
31. Medscape. Hyperprolactinemia: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology. 2022. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/121784-overview#a5
34. Vroonen L, Daly AF, Beckers A. Epidemiology and Management Challenges in Prolactinomas. Neuroendocrinology. 2019;109(1):20–7.
35. Gosi SKY, Garla VV. Galactorrhea. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537115/
36. Paula IB de, Campos AM, Paula IB de, Campos AM. Breast imaging in patients with nipple discharge. Radiol Bras. 2017 Dec;50(6):383–8.
37. Zhang B-N, Cao X-C, Chen J-Y, Chen J, Fu L, Hu X-C, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (2011 edition). Gland Surg. 2012 May;1(1):39–61.
38. Saber T. Management of Recurrent Idiopathic Male Breast Abscess by Nipple and Areolar Excision: 2 Cases Report. Gen Surg. 2019;2:3.
39. Nayyar AS. Breast Abscesses: Recent Concepts in The Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment. Surgery & Case Studies: Open Access Journal. 2019. https://lupinepublishers.com/index.php
40. Lippa N, Hurtevent-Labrot G, Ferron S, Boisserie-Lacroix M. Nipple discharge: The role of imaging. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2015 Oct 1;96(10):1017–32.
41. Yoon D, Lim HS, Jeong JC, Kim TY, Choi J, Jang J-H, et al. Quantitative Evaluation of the Relationship between T-Wave-Based Features and Serum Potassium Level in Real-World Clinical Practice. BioMed Research International. 2018. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2018/3054316/
42. Sperling S, Bhatt H. Prolactinoma: A Massive Effect on Bone Mineral Density in a Young Patient. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4944044/
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