Edukasi dan Promosi Kesehatan Hipospadia

Oleh :

dr. Bunga Saridewi

Edukasi dan promosi kesehatan hipospadia dilakukan pada pasangan dalam program hamil yang memiliki risiko anak mengalami hipospadia, dimana pasangan dianjurkan untuk rutin melakukan pemeriksaan antenatal. Edukasi lain yang penting diketahui orangtua di Indonesia adalah penundaan tindakan sirkumsisi bagi neonatus yang didiagnosa hipospadia.[22]

Edukasi Pasien

Orangtua yang memiliki bayi dengan hipospadia perlu diedukasi bahwa kebanyakan kasus hipospadia yang ringan tidak mempengaruhi aktivitas buang air kecil pada bayi dan bukan penanda masalah gangguan kantung kemih dan ginjal.

Referensi

3. Chang J, Wang S, Zheng Z. Etiology of Hypospadias: A Comparative Review of Genetic Factors and Developmental Processes Between Human and Animal Models. Res Rep Urol. 2020;12:673-686. https://doi.org/10.2147/RRU.S276141
5. Liu X, Liu G, Shen J, et al. Human glans and preputial development. Differentiation. 2018;103:86-99. doi:10.1016/j.diff.2018.08.002
6. Horst HJR, Wall LL. Hypospadias, all there is to know. Eur J Pediatr. 2017(176)435–441. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5352742/
7. Пatti JM, Kirsch AJ. Hypospadias (2021). Medscape. https://reference.medscape.com/article/1015227-overview
8. Baskin LS. Hypospadias: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and evaluation. 2021. Uptodate.
9. Cunha GR, Liu G, Sinclair A, Cao M, Glickman S, Cooke PS, Baskin L. Androgen-independent events in penile development in humans and animals. Differentiation. 2020 Jan-Feb;111:98-114. doi: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.07.005. Epub 2019 Sep 6. PMID: 31783219.
10. Baskin L. What Is Hypospadias? Clinical Pediatrics. 2017;56(5):409-418. doi:10.1177/0009922816684613
11. Baskin L, Shen J, Sinclair A, et al. Development of the human penis and clitoris. Differentiation. 2018;103:74-85. doi:10.1016/j.diff.2018.08.001
12. Sparks TN. Hypospadias. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2021;22(5):pb18-b20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.06.045
13. Toufaily MH, Roberts DJ, Westgate MN, Hunt AT, Holmes LB. Hypospadias, Intrauterine Growth Restriction, and Abnormalities of the Placenta. Birth Defects Res. 2018 Jan;110(2):122-127. doi: 10.1002/bdr2.1087. Epub 2017 Jul 29. PMID: 28755466.
14. European Association of Urology. 2022. Hypospadias. In: EAU Guidelines on Paediatric Urology. https://d56bochluxqnz.cloudfront.net/documents/full-guideline/EAU-Guidelines-on-Paediatric-Urology-2022.pdf
15. Keays MA, Dave S. Current hypospadias management: Diagnosis, surgical management, and long-term patient-centred outcomes. Can Urol Assoc J. 2017(11)S48–S53. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5332236/pdf/cuaj-1-2-s48.pdf
16. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Infodatin Kelainan Bawaan. 2018. http://www.depkes.go.id/download.php?file=download/pusdatin/infodatin/infodatin%20kelainan%20bawaan.pdf
17. Nordenvall AS, Chen Q, Norrby C, Lundholm, Frisen L, Nordenstorm A, et al. Fertility in adult men born with hypospadias: a nationwide register-based cohort study on birthrates, use of assisted reproductive technologies and infertility. Andrology. 2020;8(2):372-80. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/andr.12723
18. The Royal Childrens’ Hospital Melbourne. 2018. Hypospadia. https://www.rch.org.au/kidsinfo/fact_sheets/Hypospadias/
19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2020. Fact about Hypospadia. https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/hypospadias.html
20. European Association of Urology. 2022. Congenital penile curvature. In: EAU Guidelines on Paediatric Urology. https://d56bochluxqnz.cloudfront.net/documents/full-guideline/EAU-Guidelines-on-Paediatric-Urology-2022.pdf
21. European Association of Urology. 2022. Disorders of sex development. In: EAU Guidelines on Paediatric Urology. https://d56bochluxqnz.cloudfront.net/documents/full-guideline/EAU-Guidelines-on-Paediatric-Urology-2022.pdf
22. Baskin LS. Hypospadias: management and outcome. 2021. Uptodate.
23. Li B, Kong I, McGrath M, Farrokhyar F, Braga LH. Evaluating the literature on preoperative androgen stimulation for hypospadias repair using the fragility index - can we trust observational studies? J Pediatr Urol. 2021 Oct;17(5):661-669. doi: 10.1016/j.jpurol.2021.07.027.
24. Santanelli di Pompeo F, Grippaudo FR. 2018. Penile Hypospadias Reconstruction Treatment & Management. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1297569-overview

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