Hubungan Suplementasi Asam Folat dan Autisme

Oleh :

dr.Aditya Prabawa, M.Biomed., Sp.OG

Saat ini terdapat kekhawatiran mengenai hubungan suplementasi asam folat saat hamil dengan terjadinya autisme (autism spectrum disorder) pada anak yang akan dilahirkan. Akan tetapi, kekhawatiran ini tidak didukung oleh bukti medis. Studi menunjukkan bahwa pemberian suplementasi asam folat dalam dosis normal saat hamil tidak meningkatkan risiko autisme pada anak.

Folat diperlukan untuk proses metabolisme, perkembangan selubung saraf janin, dan pencegahan neural tube defect (NTD). Folat dapat diperoleh dari sumber alami seperti biji–bijian, buah, dan sayur, maupun dari suplementasi.[1,2]

Beberapa tahun terakhir ini, tingginya konsumsi suplementasi asam folat memunculkan demografi masyarakat dengan kadar asam folat serum yang terlalu tinggi. Akibatnya, sebagian asam folat tersebut tidak termetabolisme.[1,2]

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Referensi

1. ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins. ACOG practice bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Number 44, July 2003. (Replaces Committee Opinion Number 252, March 2001). Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102(1):203–213.
2. Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network Surveillance Year 2008 Principal Investigators, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders – Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 14 sites, United States, 2008. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2012;61(3):1–19.
3. Roth C, Magnus P, Schjolberg S, et al. Folic acid supplements in pregnancy and severe language delay in children. JAMA. 2011;306(14):1566–1573.
4. Suren P, Roth C, Bresnahan M, et al. Association between maternal use of folic acid supplements and risk of autism spectrum disorders in children. JAMA. 2013;309(6):570–577.
5. Levine SZ, Kodesh A, Viktorin A, et al. Association of Maternal Use of Folic Acid and Multivitamin Supplements in the Periods Before and During Pregnancy With the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Offspring. JAMA Psychiatry. 2018;75(2):176–184. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.4050
6. Meador KJ, Baker GA, Browning N, et al. Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and cognitive outcomes at age 6 years (NEAD study): a prospective observational study. Lancet Neurol. 2013;12(3):244–252.
7. Meador KJ, Baker GA, Browning N, et al. Breastfeeding in children of women taking antiepileptic drugs: cognitive outcomes at age 6 years. JAMA Pediatrics. 2014;168(8):729–736.
8. Schmidt RJ, Tancredi DJ, Ozonoff S, et al. Maternal periconceptional folic acid intake and risk of autism spectrum disorders and developmental delay in the CHARGE (CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) case–control study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2012;96(1):80–89.
9. Egorova O, Myte R, Schneede J, et al. Maternal blood folate status during early pregnancy and occurrence of autism spectrum disorder in offspring: a study of 62 serum biomarkers. Mol Autism. 2020;11(1):7. doi:10.1186/s13229-020-0315-z
10. Raghavan R, Riley AW, Volk H, et al. Maternal Multivitamin Intake, Plasma Folate and Vitamin B12 Levels and Autism Spectrum Disorder Risk in Offspring. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2018;32(1):100-111. doi:10.1111/ppe.12414
11. Hoxha B, Hoxha M, Domi E, Gervasoni J, Persichilli S, Malaj V, Zappacosta B. Folic Acid and Autism: A Systematic Review of the Current State of Knowledge. Cells. 2021 Aug 3;10(8):1976. doi: 10.3390/cells10081976. PMID: 34440744; PMCID: PMC8394938.
12. Liu X, Zou M, Sun C, Wu L, Chen WX. Prenatal Folic Acid Supplements and Offspring's Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression. J Autism Dev Disord. 2022 Feb;52(2):522-539. doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-04951-8. Epub 2021 Mar 20. PMID: 33743119; PMCID: PMC8813730.

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