Hydrochlorothiazide Meningkatkan Risiko Terkena Karsinoma Sel Basal dan Skuamosa

Oleh :

dr. Yenna Tasia

Beberapa penelitian terbaru menemukan bahwa pengguna hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) lebih berisiko untuk menderita kanker kulit non-melanoma, yaitu karsinoma sel basal dan karsinoma sel skuamosa.[1,2]

Hydrochlorothiazide adalah obat dalam golongan diuretik yang digunakan untuk mengobati hipertensi dan mengontrol retensi cairan pada kasus edema dan gagal jantung kongestif. Hydrochlorothiazide merupakan salah satu obat antihipertensi yang sering digunakan dan direkomendasikan. Pada pedoman Joint National Committee (JNC8), HCT adalah salah satu obat lini pertama untuk mengobati hipertensi. Di Amerika Serikat sendiri sekitar 10 juta pasien menggunakan HCT setiap tahunnya.[1,3-5,15,16]

Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa dan Basal. Sumber: BruceBlaus, Wikimedia commons, 2015.

Hydrochlorothiazide sudah lama dihubungkan dengan peningkatan fotosensitivitas kulit dan terjadinya sunburn, bahkan ada penelitian yang menghubungkan penggunaan HCT dengan karsinoma sel skuamosa pada bibir. Namun penelitian terbaru telah menghubungkan konsumsi HCT dengan kanker kulit non-melanoma.[1,2,6,7]

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Referensi

1. Hydrochlorothiazide and Skin Cancer: Should We Be Worried? [Internet]. Medscape. 2021. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/891149
2. de Vries E, Trakatelli M, Kalabalikis D, Ferrandiz L, Ruiz-de-Casas A, Moreno-Ramirez D, et al. Known and Potential New Risk Factors for Skin Cancer in European Populations: A Multicentre Case-Control Study. Br J Dermatol. August 2012; 167:1–13.
3. Cognetta Jr AB, Wolfe CM, Heinrichs E. Hydrochlorothiazide Use and Skin Cancer: A Mohs Surgeon’s Concern. Dermatol Surg. September 2016;42(9):1107–9.
4. McDonald E, Freedman DM, Alexander BH, Doody MM, Tucker MA, Linet MS, et al. Prescription Diuretic Use and Risk of Basal Cell Carcinoma in the Nationwide U.S. Radiologic Technologists Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. August 2014 1;23(8):1539–45.
5. Pottegård A, Hallas J, Olesen M, Svendsen MT, Habel LA, Friedman GD, et al. Hydrochlorothiazide Use is Strongly Associated with Risk of Lip Cancer. J Intern Med. October 2017;282(4):322–31.
6. Pedersen SA, Gaist D, Schmidt SAJ, Hölmich LR, Friis S, Pottegård A, et al. Hydrochlorothiazide Use and Risk of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer: A Nationwide Case-Control Study from Denmark. J Am Acad Dermatol. November 2017.
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8. Schmidt SAJ, Schmidt M, Mehnert F, Lemeshow S, Sørensen HT. Use of Antihypertensive Drugs and Risk of Skin Cancer. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. August 2015;29(8):1545–54.
9. Gandini S, Palli D, Spadola G, Bendinelli B, Cocorocchio E, Stanganelli I, et al. Anti-Hypertensive Drugs and Skin Cancer Risk: A Review of Literature and Meta-Analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. December 2017; 122:1–9.
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11. Robinson SN, Zens MS, Perry AE, Spencer SK, Duell EJ, Karagas MR. Photosensitizing Agents and the Risk of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Population-Based Case–Control Study. J Investig Dermatol. 2013;133: 1950-55.
12. Ruiter R, Visser LE, Eijgelsheim M, Rodenburg EM, Hofman A, Coebergh J-WW, et al. High-Ceiling Diuretics are Associated with an Increased Risk of Basal Cell Carcinoma in A Population-Based Follow-Up Study. Eur J Cancer. September 2010;46(13):2467–72.
13. Kunisada M, Masaki T, Ono R, Morinaga H, Nakano E, Yogianti F, et al. Hydrochlorothiazide Enhances UVA-Induced DNA Damage. Photochem Photobiol. May 2013;89(3):649–54.
14. Jensen A ø, Thomsen HF, Engebjerg MC, Olesen AB, Sørensen HT, Karagas MR. Use of Photosensitising Diuretics and Risk of Skin Cancer: A Population-Based Case–Control Study. Br J Cancer. November 2008;99(9):1522–8.
15. Pottegård A, Pedersen SA, Schmidt SAJ, Hölmich LR, Friis S, Gaist D. Association of Hydrochlorothiazide Use and Risk of Malignant Melanoma. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(8):1120–1122.
16. Laurel A. Habel, Ninah Achacoso, Bruce Fireman, Sidsel Arnspang Pedersen, Anton Pottegård. Hydrochlorothiazide and risk of melanoma subtypes. Pharmacoepidemiology & Drug Safety. October 2021.