1. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Hasil Utama Riskesdas 2018. https://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/assets/upload/dir_519d41d8cd98f00/files/Hasil-riskesdas-2018_1274.pdf
2. Abdelgadir E, Ali R, Rashid F, Bashier A. Effect of Metformin on Different Non-Diabetes Related Conditions, a Special Focus on Malignant Conditions: Review of Literature. J Clin Med Res. 2017 May;9(5):388-395. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5380171/
3. Scott A. Is Metformin Effective for Weight Loss?. Medscape. 2014. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/836254
4. Malin K, Kashyap S. Effects of metformin on weight loss: Potential mechanisms. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2014 Oct;21(5):323-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25105996
5. Seifarth C, Schehler B, Schneider H. Effectiveness of Metformin on Weight Loss in Non-Diabetic Individuals with Obesity. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2013;121:27-31. https://endokrinologie.bayern/files/literature/2013.metformin.paper.pdf
6. The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. 10-year follow-up of diabetes incidence and weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Lancet. 2009 Nov 14;374(9702):1677-86. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19878986
7. The Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Long-term Safety, Tolerability, and Weight Loss Associated With Metformin in the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study. Diabetes Care. 2012 Apr;35(4):731–737.
8. Perry B, Wang Y. Appetite regulation and weight control: the role of gut hormones. Nutrition & Diabetes. 2012 Jan 2;e26. https://www.nature.com/articles/nutd201121
9. Nakano M, Inui A. Metformin and incretin-based therapies up-regulate central and peripheral Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein affecting appetite and metabolism. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Dec;16(Suppl 3):S529-S531. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3602979/
10. Fontbonne A, Diouf I, Baccara-Dinet M, et al. Effects of 1-year treatment with metformin on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in non-diabetic upper-body obese subjects with mild glucose anomalies: a post-hoc analysis of the BIGPRO1 trial. Diabetes Metab. 2009 Nov;35(5):385-91. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/19665415/
11. Bray G. Drug therapy of obesity. UpToDate. 2013.
12. Barbieri R, Ehrmann D. Metformin for treatment of the polycystic ovary syndrome. UpToDate. 2013.
13. Gokecl A, Gumurdulu Y, Karakose H, et al. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of sibutramine, orlistat and metformin in the treatment of obesity. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2002 Jan;4(1):49-55. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11874442
14. Pasquali R, et al. Effect of Long-Term Treatment with Metformin Added to Hypocaloric Diet on Body Composition, Fat Distribution, and Androgen and Insulin Levels in Abdominally Obese Women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2000 Aug;85(8);2767-2774. https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/85/8/2767/2852497
15. Mauras N, et al. Metformin use in children with obesity and normal glucose tolerance – effects on cardiovascular markers and intrahepatic fat. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2012;25(0):33-40. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4005723/
16. Park M, Kinra S, Ward K, et al. Metformin for Obesity in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Diabetes Care. 2009 Sep;32(9):1743–1745. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2732169/
17. Bjorkhem-Bergman L, Asplund A, Lindh J. Metformin for weight reduction in non-diabetic patients on antipsychotic drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Psychopharmacol. 2010 Jan.
18. Bushe C, Bradley A, Doshi S, Karagianis J. Changes in Weight and Metabolic Parameters during treatment with Antipsychotics and Metformin. Do the data inform as to potential guideline development? A systematic review of clinical studies. International Journal of Clinical Practice. 2009; 63(12):1743.
19. Wang M, Tong J, Zhu G, et al. Schizophr Res. 2012 Jun;138(1):54-7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22398127