Diagnosis Hydrocephalus

Oleh :

dr. Felicia

Diagnosis hydrocephalus kongenital pada neonatus, bayi, dan anak-anak, adalah berdasarkan lingkar kepala (occipito-frontal) yang besar saat lahir, ataupun pemeriksaan lingkar kepala serial yang menunjukkan peningkatan yang lebih dari sebagaimana mestinya.

Sedangkan hydrocephalus yang didapat (acquired) biasanya datang dengan gejala-gejala yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan tekanan intrakranial (TIK), seperti nyeri kepala, gangguan penglihatan, mual muntah, bahkan penurunan kesadaran. Pemeriksaan untuk konfirmasi adalah pencitraan otak, baik dengan CT scan kepala, maupun MRI otak. Untuk mengukur tekanan intrakranial, perlu dilakukan test pressure opening pada pungsi lumbal, dengan posisi lateral dekubitus.[1,35,36,51]

Anamnesis

Anamnesis pada hydrocephalus dibagi berdasarkan onsetnya, yaitu kongenital atau didapat (acquired) pada pasien anak dan dewasa. Pada anak-anak dan dewasa tanda peningkatan TIK seperti nyeri kepala, gangguan penglihatan, dan gait disturbance.

Referensi

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