Patofisiologi Strabismus

Oleh :

dr. Felicia

Patofisiologi strabismus berhubungan dengan fisiologi otot ekstraokular, saraf kranial, jaras supranuklear dan kontrol sistem saraf pusat. Strabismus terjadi ketika ada deviasi bola mata dari posisi normalnya. Hal ini mengakibatkan seseorang sulit untuk mengarahkan kedua bola mata secara simultan saat proses melihat.

Anatomi dan Fisiologi Orbit, serta Pengaruhnya pada Patofisiologi Strabismus

Anatomi otot ekstraokular terdiri dari otot rektus (superior, inferior, lateral, dan medial) serta otot obliquus superior dan inferior. Otot–otot ekstraokular melekat pada struktur fibrosa pada bola mata (annulus of Zinn) dan dipersarafi oleh saraf kranial.

Otot rektus lateral dipersarafi saraf kranial VI, obliquus superior oleh saraf kranial IV, dan sisanya oleh saraf kranial III. Otot–otot ekstraokular ini mendapatkan nutrisi dari arteri oftalmika.[7,9]

Referensi

3. Minichello MA. Adult Strabismus and Vision Therapy. Electronic Thesis or Dissertation. Ohio State University, 2015;78. https://etd.ohiolink.edu/pg_10?0::NO:10:P10_ACCESSION_NUM:osu1429747867
6. Chopra V, Balasubramanian P. Clinical Study Of Concomitant Squint. J Evid Based Med Healthc. 2017 Jul 5;4:3294–7.
7. Abdu L. Clinical Evaluation of Horizontal Pediatric Strabismus and the Management Challenges. Front Ophthalmol Ocul Imaging. 2019 Feb 22; https://www.intechopen.com/books/frontiers-in-ophthalmology-and-ocular-imaging/clinical-evaluation-of-horizontal-pediatric-strabismus-and-the-management-challenges
9. Walton MMG, Pallus A, Fleuriet J, et al. Neural mechanisms of oculomotor abnormalities in the infantile strabismus syndrome. J Neurophysiol. 2017 Apr 10;118(1):280–99.
10. Rowe FJ, Noonan CP. Botulinum toxin for the treatment of strabismus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;(3). https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006499.pub4/full
11. Das VE. The Neural Oculomotor System in Strabismus. In: Shaikh A, Ghasia F, editors. Advances in Translational Neuroscience of Eye Movement Disorders. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2019. p. 141–63. (Contemporary Clinical Neuroscience). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31407-1_8
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21. Schiavi C. Extraocular Muscles Tension, Tonus, and Proprioception in Infantile Strabismus: Role of the Oculomotor System in the Pathogenesis of Infantile Strabismus—Review of the Literature. Scientifica. 2016 Feb 23;2016:8 pages.
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24. Dagi LR, Velez FG, Archer SM, et al. Adult Strabismus Preferred Practice Pattern. Ophthalmology. 2020 Jan;127(1):P182–298.
25. Cioplean D, Nitescu Raluca L. Age related strabismus. Romanian J Ophthalmol. 2016;60(2):54–8.
26. Martinez-Thompson JM, Diehl NN, Holmes JM, et al. Incidence, Types, and Lifetime Risk of Adult-onset Strabismus. Ophthalmology. 2014 Apr;121(4):877–82.
27. Xu TT, Bothun CE, Hendricks TM, et al. Pseudostrabismus in the First Year of Life and the Subsequent Diagnosis of Strabismus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2020 Oct;218:242–6.
28. Rocha MNAM, Sanches A, Pessoa FF, et al. Clinical forms and risk factors associated with strabismus in visual binocularity. Rev Bras Oftalmol. 2016 Feb;75(1):34–9.
29. Zimmermann A, Carvalho KMM de, Atihe C, et al. Visual development in children aged 0 to 6 years. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2019 Jun;82(3):173–5.

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