- Pendahuluan
- Patofisiologi
- Etiologi
- Epidemiologi
- Diagnosis
- Penatalaksanaan
- Prognosis
- Edukasi dan Promosi Kesehatan
Diagnosis Kanker Lambung
Gold standard diagnosis kanker lambung adalah endoskopi dan biopsi forceps, untuk evaluasi staging, termasuk identifikasi dan terapi lesi awal, seperti displasia dan karsinoma intramukosa.[21]
Diagnosis kanker lambung sering terlambat ditegakkan karena gejala yang dirasakan pasien sering kali tidak spesifik dan tidak terlihat tanda yang jelas hingga mencapai stadium lanjut.[19]
Anamnesis
Referensi
1. Cabebe CE. Gastric Cancer. Medscape. 2020. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/278744-overview
4. Mukkamalla SKR, Recio-Boiles A, Babiker HM. Gastric Cancer. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459142/
8. Rugge M, Genta RM, Di Mario F, El-Omar EM, El-Serag HB, Fassan M, Hunt RH, Kuipers EJ, Malfertheiner P, Sugano K, Graham DY. Gastric cancer as preventable disease. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2017 Dec 1;15(12):1833-43.
19. Johnston FM, Beckman M. Updates on management of gastric cancer. Current oncology reports. 2019 Aug 1;21(8):67.
20. Sitarz R, Skierucha M, Mielko J, Offerhaus GJ, Maciejewski R, Polkowski WP. Gastric cancer: epidemiology, prevention, classification, and treatment. Cancer management and research. 2018;10:239.
21. F. Lordick, F. Carneiro, S. Cascinu, T. Fleitas, K. Haustermans, G. Piessen, A. Vogel & E. C. Smyth, on behalf of the ESMO Guidelines Committee. Gastric cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology (2022). https://www.annalsofoncology.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0923-7534%2822%2901851-8
22. Căinap C, Nagy V, Gherman A, Cetean S, Laszlo I, Constantin AM, Căinap S. Classic tumor markers in gastric cancer. Current standards and limitations. Clujul Med. 2015;88(2):111-5. doi: 10.15386/cjmed-409. Epub 2015 Apr 15. PMID: 26528057; PMCID: PMC4576775.
23. PDQ Adult Treatment Editorial Board. Gastric Cancer Treatment (PDQ®): Health Professional Version. 2023 May 11. In: PDQ Cancer Information Summaries. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute (US). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65766/
24. Smyth EC, Verheij M, Allum W, Cunningham D, Cervantes A, Arnold D. Gastric cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of oncology. 2016 Sep 1;27(suppl_5):v38-49.
25. Wang FH, Shen L, Li J, Zhou ZW, Liang H, Zhang XT, Tang L, Xin Y, Jin J, Zhang YJ, Yuan XL. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO): clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Cancer communications. 2019 Dec;39(1):1-31.
26. Sumiyama K. Past and current trends in endoscopic diagnosis for early stage gastric cancer in Japan. Gastric Cancer. 2017 Mar 1;20(1):20-7.
27. Pasechnikov V, Chukov S, Fedorov E, Kikuste I, Leja M. Gastric cancer: prevention, screening and early diagnosis. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG. 2014 Oct 14;20(38):13842.
28. Wu D, Zhang P, Ma J, Xu J, Yang L, Xu W, Que H, Chen M, Xu H. Serum biomarker panels for the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Cancer medicine. 2019 Apr;8(4):1576-83.
29. Carlomagno N, Incollingo P, Tammaro V, Peluso G, Rupealta N, Chiacchio G, Sandoval Sotelo ML, Minieri G, Pisani A, Riccio E, Sabbatini M. Diagnostic, predictive, prognostic, and therapeutic molecular biomarkers in third millennium: a breakthrough in gastric cancer. BioMed research international. 2017 Sep 28;2017.
30. In H, Solsky I, Palis B, Langdon-Embry M, Ajani J, Sano T. Validation of the 8th edition of the AJCC TNM staging system for gastric cancer using the national cancer database. Annals of surgical oncology. 2017 Nov 1;24(12):3683-91.
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