Alternatif Susu Pengganti pada Bayi Alergi Susu Sapi

Oleh :

dr. Amelia Febrina

Bayi dengan alergi susu sapi membutuhkan alternatif susu pengganti untuk mencegah terjadinya defisiensi nutrisi. Kebanyakan susu formula menggunakan basis susu sapi. Hingga saat ini, pilihan susu pengganti masih menjadi perdebatan.

Alergi susu sapi berbeda dengan intoleransi laktosa. Alergi susu sapi merupakan reaksi hipersensitivitas yang dipicu oleh mekanisme imun spesifik dari susu sapi yang umumnya disebabkan oleh reaksi imunologis yang tidak diperantarai oleh IgE. Susu alternatif yang diberikan untuk bayi dengan alergi susu sapi, tergantung dari status nutrisi bayi.[1–3]

Angka kejadian alergi susu sapi diperkirakan mencapai 2–3% pada populasi bayi, menjadikan alergi susu sapi sebagai alergi makanan paling sering pada bayi. Gejala alergi susu sapi mulai terlihat sebelum usia 1 bulan, dan umumnya terjadi pada 1 minggu pertama setelah mengonsumsi protein susu sapi.[2–4]

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Referensi

1. Lifschitz C, Szajewska H. Cow’s milk allergy: evidence-based diagnosis and management for the practitioner. Vol. 174, European Journal of Pediatrics. 2015. p. 141–50.
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3. Mehta H, Groetch M, Wang J. Growth and nutritional concerns in children with food allergy. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013;13(3):275–9
4. Maslin K, Oliver EM, Scally KS, Atkinson J, Foote K, Venter C, et al. Nutritional adequacy of a cow’s milk exclusion diet in infancy. Clin Transl Allergy. 2016;6(1):4–11.
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7. Kvammen JA, Thomassen RA, Eskerud MB, Rugtveit J, Henriksen C. Micronutrient Status and Nutritional Intake in 0- to 2-Year-old Children Consuming a Cows’ Milk Exclusion Diet. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2018;66(5):831–7.
8. Verduci E, D'Elios S, Cerrato L, et al.. Cow's Milk Substitutes for Children: Nutritional Aspects of Milk from Different Mammalian Species, Special Formula and Plant-Based Beverages. Nutrients. 2019 Jul 27;11(8):1739. doi: 10.3390/nu11081739.
9. Vandenplas Y, De Greef E, Hauser B. Safety and tolerance of a new extensively hydrolyzed rice protein-based formula in the management of infants with cow’s milk protein allergy. Eur J Pediatr. 2014;173(9):1209–16.
10. Bocquet A, Dupont C, Chouraqui JP, Darmaun D, Feillet F, Frelut ML, et al.. Efficacy and safety of hydrolyzed rice-protein formulas for the treatment of cow’s milk protein allergy. Arch Pediatr 2019;26(4):238-46.
11. Sumadiono, Munasir Z, Bharlianto W, Muktiarti D, Juffrie M, Hegar B, et al. Diagnosis dan Tata Laksana Alergi Susu Sapi. 2014. 1-32 p.
12. Giovannini M, D’Auria E, Caffarelli C, Verduci E, Barberi S, Indinnimeo L, et al. Nutritional management and follow up of infants and children with food allergy: Italian Society of Pediatric Nutrition/Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Task Force Position Statement. Ital J Pediatr. 2014;40(1):1–9.
13. ASCIA. Nutritional Management of Food Allergy Contents. Australas Soc Clin Immunol allergy inc. 2013;(September):1–25. https://www.allergy.org.au/images/stories/pospapers/ASCIA_HPIP_food_allergy_September_2013.pdf