Memahami Patogen Penyebab Hospital Acquired Pneumonia (HAP)

Oleh :

dr. Kolanda Maria Septauli

Penting untuk memahami patogen penyebab hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP), agar klinisi dapat memberikan terapi antibiotik yang adekuat sehingga angka kematian menurun. Menurut jenis patogen, pneumonia nosokomial berbeda dengan pneumonia komunitas. Bakteri penyebab HAP lebih virulen karena umumnya memiliki resistensi terhadap banyak antibiotik. Mengetahui bakteri penyebab dan pemberian.[3–5]

Pneumonia adalah radang paru-paru yang disebabkan oleh infeksi, baik bakteri, virus, jamur, maupun parasit). Berdasarkan klinis dan epidemiologis, pneumonia dapat dibedakan menjadi community acquired pneumonia (CAP), pneumonia nosokomial atau hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP), dan ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP). Pneumonia yang didapat di rumah sakit adalah infeksi yang tidak berada dalam masa inkubasi saat pasien masuk rumah sakit, dan terjadi ≥48 jam sesudah masuk rumah sakit.[1,2]

Suatu studi di Asia melaporkan angka kejadian CAP sebanyak 988 kasus CAP dan HAP 538 kasus dari 100.000 pasien yang menyelesaikan perawatan rumah sakit di Indonesia. Dilaporkan juga angka kematian pada kejadian HAP lebih tinggi dibandingkan CAP.[3]

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Referensi

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19. Poovieng J, Sakboonyarat B, Nasomsong W. Bacterial etiology and mortality rate in community-acquired pneumonia, healthcare-associated pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia in Thai university hospital. Sci Rep. 2022 May 30;12(1):9004. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-12904-z. PMID: 35637232; PMCID: PMC9150030.