Saat ini sudah ditemukan beberapa opsi obat antituberkulosis baru untuk penatalaksanaan tuberkulosis resistan obat (TB RO) yakni bedaquiline, delamanid, pretomanid, dan sutezolid.[1-13]
Menurut laporan Global Tuberculosis tahun 2017, WHO memperkirakan ada 1,67 juta kematian yang disebabkan oleh tuberkulosis pada tahun 2016. Dilaporkan juga bahwa ditemukan 490.000 kasus multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB MDR) di tahun 2016 dan 6,2% dari kasus tersebut termasuk infeksi yang disebabkan oleh strain extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB XDR).[1]
Kasus tuberkulosis resistan obat (TB RO) masih menjadi salah satu masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat hingga saat ini.[1-12] Penatalaksanaan kasus TB RO masih menjadi tantangan karena besarnya angka adverse event obat antituberkulosis, durasi terapi yang panjang, rendahnya angka kesuksesan terapi, serta masalah biaya regimen terapi yang besar. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan opsi terapi atau regimen terapi yang baru.[1-13]
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Referensi
1. Silva DR et al. New and repurposed drugs to treat multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. J Bras Pneumol. 2018;44(2):153-160. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1806-37562017000000436
2. Kwon YS. Clinical Implications of New Drugs and Regimens for the Treatment of Drug-resistant Tuberculosis. Chonnam Med J 2017;53:103-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4068/cmj.2017.53.2.103
3. Yadav S, Rawal G, Baxi M. Bedaquiline: A Novel Antitubercular Agent for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Aug; 10(8): FM01–FM02. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/19052.8286
4. Dheda K et al. Recent controversies about MDR and TB XDR: Global implementation of the WHO shorter TB MDR regimen and bedaquiline for all with TB MDR?. Respirology. 2018;23:36-45. DOI: 10.1111/resp.13143
5. Xavier AS, Lakshamanan M. Delamanid: A new armor in combating drug-resistant tuberculosis. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2014; 5(3): 222–224.doi: 10.4103/0976-500X.136121.
6. Rustomjee R, Zumla A. Delamanid expanded access novel treatment of drug resistant tuberculosis. Infect Drug Resist. 2015 Oct 29;8:359-66. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S62119.
7. Migliori GB et al. Combined Use of Delamanid and Bedaquiline to treat Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 341; doi:10.3390/ijms18020341
8. Esposito S et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 24-month treatment regimen including delamanid in a child with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. A case report and review of the literature. Medicine.2016;95:46. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10. 1097 /MD.0000000 000005347
9. Frellick M. FDA Oks ‘Game Changer’ Pretomanid for Highly Resistant TB. Medscape [Online]. Available from URL: https://www. medscape. com/viewarticle/916853
10. DR-TB Clinical Trial Progress Report. NiX-TB: study of bedaquiline, pretomanid,and linezolid in patients with TB XDR and TB MDR for 6 months with an option of 9 months. [Online]. Available from URL: http://www.resisttb.org/?page_id=1602
11. Pretomanid, CID=456199. National Center for Biotechnology Information. PubChem Database [Online]. Available from URL: https:// pubchem. ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/compound/Pretomanid.
12. Drug Trials Snapshots: PRETOMANID. FDA [Online]. Available from URL: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/development-approval-process-drugs/drug-trials-snapshots-pretomanid.
13. Wallis RS et al. Mycobactericidal Activity of Sutezolid (PNU-100480) in Sputum (EBA) and Blood (WBA) of Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. PLoS One. 2014; 9(4): e94462. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094462
14. Bridgen G, Hewison C, Varaine F. New developments in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: clinical utility of bedaquiline and delamanid. Infect Drug Resist. 2015; 8: 367–378. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S68351