Teknik Pemeriksaan Darah Lengkap

Oleh :

dr.Alvi Muldani

Teknik complete blood count (CBC) atau pemeriksaan darah lengkap melibatkan pengambilan sampel darah dan pemeriksaan komponen darah. Sampel darah biasanya diambil dengan flebotomi. Komponen darah umumnya diperiksa menggunakan alat otomatis yang dapat menunjukkan hasil pemeriksaan dengan jumlah darah yang sedikit dan waktu pemeriksaan yang singkat. Komponen yang diperiksa umumnya mencakup hemoglobin, hematokrit, sel darah merah, sel darah putih, trombosit, dan differential count atau hitung jenis sel darah putih.[1-6]

Persiapan Pasien

Sebelum melakukan pemeriksaan darah lengkap, dokter perlu melakukan pemeriksaan klinis untuk menentukan bahwa pemeriksaan darah lengkap akan bermanfaat dalam alur diagnostik pasien. Pastikan bahwa tidak ada kontraindikasi pemeriksaan. Kemudian, lakukan informed consent.[1-6]

Referensi

1. Agnello L, Giglio RV, Bivona G, Scazzone C, Gambino CM, Iacona A, et al. The Value of a Complete Blood Count (CBC) for Sepsis Diagnosis and Prognosis. Diagnostics. 2021;11:1881.
2. Celkan TT. What does a hemogram say to us? Turk Pediatri Arsivi. 2020;55:103–16.
3. Nah EH, Kim S, Cho S, Cho HI. Complete Blood Count Reference Intervals and Patterns of Changes Across Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Ages in Korea. Ann Lab Med. 2018 Nov;38(6):503-511. doi: 10.3343/alm.2018.38.6.503. PMID: 30027692; PMCID: PMC6056383.
4. Shlamovitz GZ. Phlebotomy: Background, Indications, Contraindications. 2021.
5. Thachil J, Bates I. Approach to the Diagnosis and Classification of Blood Cell Disorders. Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology. 2017:497–510. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-7020-6696-2.00023-0. Epub 2016 Oct 21. PMCID: PMC7150139.
6. Srikanth KK, Lotfollahzadeh S. Phlebotomy. [Updated 2022 Dec 3]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK574569/
7. Vembadi A, Menachery A, Qasaimeh MA. Cell Cytometry: Review and Perspective on Biotechnological Advances. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2019 Jun 18;7:147. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00147. PMID: 31275933; PMCID: PMC6591278.
8. Pyo JY, Ha Y-J, Song JJ, Park Y-B, Lee S-K, Lee S-W. Delta neutrophil index contributes to the differential diagnosis between acute gout attack and cellulitis within 24 hours after hospitalization. Rheumatol Oxf Engl. 2017;56:795–801.
9. Hortová-Kohoutková M, Lázničková P, Bendíčková K, De Zuani M, Andrejčinová I, Tomášková V, et al. Differences in monocyte subsets are associated with short-term survival in patients with septic shock. J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24:12504–12.
10. Radzyukevich YV, Kosyakova NI, Prokhorenko IR. Participation of Monocyte Subpopulations in Progression of Experimental Endotoxemia (EE) and Systemic Inflammation. J Immunol Res. 2021;2021:1762584.
11. Belok SH, Bosch NA, Klings ES, Walkey AJ. Evaluation of leukopenia during sepsis as a marker of sepsis-defining organ dysfunction. PloS One. 2021;16:e0252206.
12. Nagata M, Nakagome K, Soma T. Mechanisms of eosinophilic inflammation. Asia Pac Allergy. 2020;10:e14.
13. Lavoignet C-E, Le Borgne P, Chabrier S, Bidoire J, Slimani H, Chevrolet-Lavoignet J, et al. White blood cell count and eosinopenia as valuable tools for the diagnosis of bacterial infections in the ED. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol. 2019;38:1523–32.
14. Karasuyama H, Miyake K, Yoshikawa S, Kawano Y, Yamanishi Y. How do basophils contribute to Th2 cell differentiation and allergic responses? Int Immunol. 2018;30:391–6.
15. Anderson HL, Brodsky IE, Mangalmurti NS. The Evolving Erythrocyte: Red Blood Cells as Modulators of Innate Immunity. J Immunol Baltim Md 1950. 2018;201:1343–51.
16. Minasyan H. Sepsis: mechanisms of bacterial injury to the patient. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2019;27:19.
17. Lippi G, Cervellin G, Sanchis-Gomar F. Red blood cell distribution width: A marker of anisocytosis potentially associated with atrial fibrillation. World J Cardiol. 2019;11:292–304.
18. McDonald B, Dunbar M. Platelets and Intravascular Immunity: Guardians of the Vascular Space During Bloodstream Infections and Sepsis. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2400.
19. Uptodate. Normal CBC parameters in adults. 2023. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/image?imageKey=HEME%2F127504

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