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In Vitro Fertilization/IVF yogi 2022-12-09T08:27:30+07:00 2022-12-09T08:27:30+07:00
In Vitro Fertilization/IVF
  • Pendahuluan
  • Indikasi
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Pendahuluan In Vitro Fertilization/IVF

Oleh :
dr.Nailla Fariq Alfiani
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In vitro fertilization atau IVF, yang disebut juga dengan bayi tabung, merupakan istilah yang digunakan untuk teknik rekayasa reproduksi menggunakan teknologi reproduksi berbantu (assisted reproductive technology/ART). Teknologi ART dilakukan dengan cara memanipulasi oosit dengan sel sperma dalam suatu sistem kultur di luar tubuh manusia yang kemudian hasil embrio ditransfer pada uterus sehingga terjadi kehamilan.[1-4]

Prosedur tindakan IVF sesuai dengan tahapan ART meliputi:

  • Stimulasi Ovarium Terkontrol, misalnya dengan pemberian gonadotropin releasing-hormon (GnRH)
  • Ovum Pick-Up/ Petik Sel Telur
  • Preparasi Sperma
  • Inseminasi Oosit/ Fertilisasi dan Kultur
  • Transfer Embrio[3-4]

In Vitro Fertilization IVF-min

Indikasi tindakan IVF secara umum diperuntukan bagi semua pasangan yang mengalami infertilitas, baik infertilitas pada pasangan pria, wanita, ataupun keduanya. Tindakan IVF juga digunakan untuk mencegah kecacatan karena IVF dapat digunakan pada pasien yang menginginkan tes genetik preimplantasi sebelum pembuahan.[3-5]

Kontraindikasi absolut untuk tindakan IVF tidak ada. Namun, pertimbangan kontraindikasi IVF dapat didasarkan pada kelompok wanita dengan risiko morbiditas dan mortalitas akibat kehamilan. Bila terdapat masalah medis yang signifikan, IVF tidak boleh dilakukan. Akan tetapi, bila masih menginginkan buah hati secara biologis, IVF dapat dilakukan dengan mentransfer embrio pada rahim ibu pengganti atau surrogate mother.[1,6]

Komplikasi dari tindakan IVF diantaranya adalah ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), perdarahan selama egg retrieval (ER), infeksi, torsi ovarium, dan kehamilan ektopik. Pada kehamilan multipel yang dapat berisiko persalinan prematur, berat badan lahir rendah, diabetes gestasional, dan preeklampsia.[1,7,8]

Pandangan etik, sosial dan agama mengenai IVF berbeda di setiap negara. Di Indonesia, bayi tabung diperbolehkan bagi pasangan suami istri yang telah menikah secara legal. Terdapat berbagai kontroversi baik secara etik, hukum dan agama ketika proses IVF yang embrionya dipindahkan ke dalam rahim wanita lain sebagai ibu pengganti atau surrogate mother, ada yang memperbolehkan dan tidak dengan berbagai pertimbangan.[9-11]

 

 

 

Penulisan pertama oleh: dr. Riawati, MMedPH

Referensi

1. Choe J, Archer JS, Shanks AL. In Vitro Fertilization. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562266/
2. Sullivan-Pyke, C. S., Senapati, S., Mainigi, M. A., & Barnhart, K. T. In Vitro fertilization and adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Seminars in perinatology. 2017. 41 (6), 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2017.07.001
3. Hendarto H. Bayi Tabung: Teknologi Reproduksi Terkini Untuk Mengatasi Infertilitas. 19 Desember 2019. Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Airlangga. https://repository.unair.ac.id/94148/1/KKA%20KK%20PG%2004%2019%20Hen%20b-1.pdf
4. Sunderam S, Kissin DM, Zhang Y, et al. Assisted Reproductive Technology Surveillance — United States, 2018. MMWR Surveill Summ 2022;71(No. SS-4):1–19. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss7104a1
5. Jain M, Singh M. Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Techniques. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK576409/
6. Bashiri, A., Halper, K.I. & Orvieto, R. Recurrent Implantation Failure-update overview on etiology, diagnosis, treatment and future directions. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 16, 121, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0414-2
7. IVF risks and complications. Pacific Fertility Los Angeles. 2022. https://www.pfcla.com/services/in-vitro-fertilization/risks-and-complications
8. IVF problems, risks and solutions. Fertility Associates. 2022. https://www.fertilityassociates.co.nz/treatment-options/in-vitro-fertilisation-ivf/ivf-problems-risks-solutions/
9. Dongoran I. Bayi Tabung Dalam Tinjauan Hukum Islam (Analisis Maqasid Syari‘ah). Jurnal Syariah dan Hukum Vol. 2, No. 1, Januari -Juni 2020 E-ISSN: 2685-399X. http://jurnal.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/taqnin/article/view/7604/3438
10. Zahrowati. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) by Processing Donor Sperm and Surrogate Mother in Civil Law Perspectives. Halu Oleo Law Review Volume 1 Issue 2, September 2017: pp. 196-219. Faculty of Law, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi ISSN: 2548-1762 | e-ISSN: 2548-1754. http://ojs.uho.ac.id/index.php/holrev/
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39. Xu, B., Zhou, M., Cheng, M. et al. Transvaginal ovarian drilling followed by controlled ovarian stimulation from the next day improves ovarian response for the poor responders with polycystic ovary syndrome during IVF treatment: a pilot study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 18, 7, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-019-0559-7
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42. Hu, L., Xie, R., Wang, M., & Sun, Y. Patients with IVF complicated by moderate-to-critical OHSS experience increased thrombosis, GDM and neonatal NICU admission but slightly shorter gestation compared with matched IVF counterparts: A retrospective Chinese cohort study. Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 19(1), 8. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-020-00678-w
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