Diagnosis Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Bawah (ISPB)

Oleh :

dr.Nailla Fariq Alfiani

Diagnosis infeksi saluran pernapasan bawah (ISPB) dicurigai pada pasien dengan gejala respirasi seperti batuk produktif, demam, sesak napas, nyeri dada pleuritik, atau temuan auskultasi abnormal seperti ronki dan mengi. Penentuan tipe ISPB didasarkan pada lokasi dan karakteristik inflamasi.

Bronkitis akut ditandai oleh peradangan bronkus dengan batuk produktif tanpa infiltrat paru pada radiografi. Bronkiolitis umumnya terjadi pada bayi atau balita, dengan gejala obstruktif dan hiperinflasi paru. Sementara itu, pneumonia ditandai oleh adanya infiltrat alveolar atau konsolidasi pada rontgen toraks disertai tanda infeksi sistemik.[1,3,4]

Anamnesis

Referensi

1. Malakounidou E, Tsiri P, Theochari E, Koulousousa E, Karampitsakos T, Tzouvelekis A. Lower respiratory tract infections treatment recommendations: An overview. Pneumon, 36(3), 17. 2023. https://doi.org/10.18332/pne/163184
2. Hussain SM, Rumaisa N, Keshav J. Understanding Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: A Comprehensive Review of Associated Risk Factors. Ann Pulm Res Med. 2024; 2(1): 1006. 2024. https://www.remedypublications.com/open-access/understanding-lower-respiratory-tract-infection-a-comprehensive-review-of-associated-10135.pdf
3. Gan Y, Hu Y, Dong H, Wu L, Niu Y. Causes of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections and the Use of Diagnostic Biomarkers in Blood Samples from Children in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China, Between July 2019 and June 2020. Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 28, e934889. 2022. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.934889
4. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. PNPK Tata Laksana Pneumonia pada Dewasa. 2023.
6. Duyu M, Karakaya Z. Viral etiology and outcome of severe lower respiratory tract infections among critically ill children admitted to the PICU. Med Intensiva. 2021;45(8):447–458. doi:10.1016/j.medine.2020.04.011. 2021. https://www.medintensiva.org/en-viral-etiology-outcome-severe-lower-articulo-S2173572721001259
8. Byungsun Y, Ilha Y, Eu SK, et al. Etiology of Community Acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infection (LRTI) in Children, Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Volume 10, Issue Supplement_2, 2023, ofad500.2219. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofad500.2219
10. NICE. Bronchiolitis in children: diagnosis and management. 2021. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng9/chapter/Recommendations
13. Yoo B, Yune I, Kang D, Cho Y, Lim SY, Yoo S, Kim M, Kim JS, Kim D, Lee HY, Baek RM, Jung SY, Kim ES, Lee H. Etiology and Clinical Prediction of Community-Acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Children. J Korean Med Sci. 2025 Jan;40(2):e5. doi:10.3346/jkms.2025.40.e5. 2025.
17. Fayyaz J. Bronchitis. Medscape, 2024.https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/297108-overview#a1
18. Sulistijo E, Manullang EV, Sulistyowati D, Sakti ES, dkk. Profil Kesehatan Indonesia. 2024. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://share.google/tI1iYlHxxO4h3pKsl
20. Chidanand KN, Pooja K, Manjunath A. LRTI: Systematic approaches to diagnosis and effective therapeutic management. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 12(12), 6392–6398. 2021. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.12(12).6392-98
24. Pham HT, Nguyen PTT, Tran ST, Phung TTB. Clinical and Pathogenic Characteristics of Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Treated at the Vietnam National Children's Hospital. The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology, 2020, 7931950. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7931950

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