Teknik EMG

Oleh :

dr. Ghifara Huda SE AAAK

Teknik EMG atau electromyography tergantung pada tipe alat perekam aktifitas elektrofisiologi dari unit saraf motorik. Alat EMG dapat dengan teknik memasukkan jarum intramuskular (needle EMG / nEMG), dan teknik noninvasive dengan elektroda yang ditempelkan pada permukaan kulit (surface EMG / sEMG). Teknik pemeriksaan EMG dimulai dari persiapan pasien dan peralatan secara cermat sebelum dimulainya pemeriksaan.[3,9,10]

Persiapan Pasien

Pemberian informed consent kepada pasien sebelum pemeriksaan merupakan hal yang sangat penting. Khusus pada pemeriksaan nEMG harus dijelaskan bahwa pemeriksaan dapat menimbulkan rasa sakit. Penjelasan secara terperinci mengenai tujuan, cara kerja, dan efek samping pemeriksaan ini merupakan hal yang wajib diberikan kepada pasien.

Kerjasama yang baik antara pasien dan dokter dibutuhkan untuk bisa mendapatkan hasil perekaman EMG secara akurat. Pasien kemudian diminta untuk menggunakan pakaian nyaman yang tidak menghalangi penempelan elektroda.

Referensi

1. Shapiro, BE, Preston DC. Electromyography and Neuromuscular disorders. Woburn: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005:1-685.
2. Cote JN, Hoeger Bement, M. Update on the relation between pain and movement: consequences for clinical Practice. 2010. Clinical journal of Pain 26(9): 754-62.
3. ABC of EMG: A practical introduction to kinesiological Electromyography, version 1.0, Konrad, 2005.
4. Adebayo PB. Taiwo FT. et al. EMG indications and findings in a sub-Saharan African neurorehabilitation center. 2018. Clinical neurophysiology practice, 3, 99-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnp.2018.02.006.
5. De Souza RJ, de Souza A, et al. Nerve conduction studies in diabetics presymptomatic and symptomatic for diabetic polyneuropathy. J Diabetes Complications. 2015 Aug. 29 (6): 811-7.
6. Preston DC, Shapiro BE. Chapter 40: Electrical safety and Iatrogenic Complications of Electrodiagnostic Studies. Electromyography and Neuromuscular Disorders. 3rd ed. China: Elsevier Inc.; 2013. 614-623
7. Rubin DI. Needle electromyography: basic concepts and patterns of abnormalities. Neurol Clin. 2012;30:429-456.
9. Wu Y. et al Overview of the Application of EMG Recording in the Diagnosis and Approach of Neurological Disorders. 2013. 10.13140/2.1.5092.1604.
10. Kim JE. Jin S, et al. Basic concepts of needle electromyography. 2019. Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology. 21. 7. 10.14253/acn.2019.21.1.7.
12. Ünlüer E. Akyol P. et al. A Deadly Complication of Superficial Muscular Needle Electromyography: Bilateral Pneumothoraces. Case reports in medicine. 2013. 861787. 10.1155/2013/861787.
13. Olney RK, Lewis RA, et al. Consensus criteria for the diagnosis of multifocal motor neuropathy. Muscle Nerve 2003; 27(1) 117-121.
14. Cavalcanti G. Marco A. et al. Surface electromyography: Why, when and how to use it. 2011. Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte. 4. 17-28.
15. Pullman SL, Goodin DS, et al. Clinical utility of surface EMG: report of the therapeutics and technology assessment subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2000; 55(2) 171-177.
16. Chang D. Electrodiagnosis: Nerve conduction and Electromyography. 2019. Chapman's Comprehensive Orthopaedic Surgery, 4th ed., Chapter 261..
21. Vaienti L, Vourtsis S, Urzola V. Compartment syndrome of the forearm following an electromyographic assessment. J Hand Surg Br 2005;30:656-657.
22. Raez MB. Hussain MS. et al. Techniques of EMG signal analysis: detection, processing, classification and applications. 2006. Biological procedures online, 8, 11–35. https://doi.org/10.1251/bpo115
23. Tankisi H, Burke D, et al. Standards of instrumentation of EMG. Clin Neurophysiol. 2020 Jan;131(1):243-258. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.07.025. Epub 2019 Nov 5. PMID: 31761717.
24. Wehner M. Man to Machine, Applications in Electromyography. In book: EMG Methods for Evaluating Muscle and Nerve Function. 2012. DOI: 10.5772/26495.
25. Rainoldi A. Melchiorri G. A Method for Positioning Electrodes during Surface EMG Recordings in Lower Limb Muscles. 2004. Journal of neuroscience methods. 134. 37-43. 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2003.10.014.
26. Micera S, Vannozzi G, et al. Improving detection of muscle activation intervals. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine 2001; 20(6):38-46. 7
27. Danner SM, Krenn M, et al. Body Position Influences Which Neural Structures Are Recruited by Lumbar Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation. 2016. PLOS ONE 11(1): e0147479. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147479

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