- Pendahuluan
- Indikasi
- Kontraindikasi
- Teknik
- Interpretasi Hasil
- Komplikasi
- Edukasi Pasien
- Pedoman Klinis
Interpretasi Hasil Spirometri
Interpretasi hasil spirometri yang diambil adalah minimal 3 hasil, yang dapat diterima pada saat melakukan pemeriksaan. Hasil spirometri dilaporkan dalam bentuk grafik yang dikenal dengan spirogram. Satuan yang digunakan pada volume udara adalah liter, waktu adalah detik, dan kecepatan aliran udara adalah liter per detik.[2,8]
Istilah dalam Spirometri
Terdapat beberapa istilah yang harus diketahui sebelum melakukan spirometri, yaitu:
Referensi
1. Graham BL, Steenbruggen I, Miller MR, et al. Standardization of Spirometry 2019 Update. An Official American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society Technical Statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct 15;200(8):e70–88.
2. Moore VC. Spirometry: step by step. Breathe. 2012 Mar 1;8(3):232–40.
3. Lopes AJ. Advances in spirometry testing for lung function analysis. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2019 Jun 3;13(6):559–69.
5. Ponce MC, Sharma S. Pulmonary Function Tests. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482339/
7. Ali MA, Islam MS, Majumdar SC, et al. Role of Spirometry in Early Diagnosis of COPD among Smokers. TAJ J Teach Assoc. 2019 Aug 22;32(1):33–8.
8. Aggarwal AN, Agarwal R, Dhooria S, et al. Joint Indian Chest Society-National College of Chest Physicians (India) guidelines for spirometry. Lung India. 2019 Apr 1;36(7):1.
9. Cooper BG. An update on contraindications for lung function testing. Thorax. 2011 Aug 1;66(8):714–23.
10. Hill S, Winter R. A Guide to Performing Quality Assured Diagnostic Spirometry. Jt Natl Dir Respir Dis. 2013;
12. Wanger J, Clausen JL, Coates A, et al. Standardisation of the measurement of lung volumes. Eur Respir J. 2005 Sep 1;26(3):511–22.
13. Lofrese JJ, Lappin SL. Physiology, Residual Volume. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493170/
14. Hopkins E, Sharma S. Physiology, Functional Residual Capacity. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK500007/
15. Stanojevic S, Wade A, Stocks J, et al. Reference Ranges for Spirometry Across All Ages. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Feb 1;177(3):253–60.
16. Lutfi MF. The physiological basis and clinical significance of lung volume measurements. Multidiscip Respir Med. 2017 Feb 9;12(1):3.
17. Castellan RM, Cummings K, Hill C, et al. Spirometry quality assurance: common errors and their impact on test results. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; 2012 Jan. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2012-116/
18. Chair. Spirometry (Paediatric) Respiratory Science. Queensland Heallth Guideline. 2012. https://www.health.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0031/147478/qh-gdl-393.pdf
19. Jat KR. Spirometry in children. Prim Care Respir J. 2013 Jun;22(2):221–9.
20. Respiratory Health Spirometry Procedures Manual. Natl Health Nutr Exam Surv NHANES. 2008 Jan;76.
21. Shin SH, Shin B, Kang D, et al. Restrictive Spirometric Pattern and Postoperative Pulmonary Complications Following Non-cardiothoracic Surgery. Sci Rep. 2019 Sep 4;9(1):1–9.
22. Kritek P. Stick with the Guideline-Recommended Threshold of 0.70 to Diagnose Airway Obstruction. 2019. https://www.jwatch.org/na49416/2019/07/09/stick-with-guideline-recommended-threshold-070-diagnose
23. Wells, Joo. COPD and asthma: Diagnostic accuracy requires spirometry. MDedge Fam Med. 2019 Mar 1;68(2):76–81.
24. O’Donnell DE, Webb KA, Neder JA. Lung hyperinflation in COPD: applying physiology to clinical practice. COPD Res Pract. 2015 Sep 7;1(1):4.
25. Ferguson GT. Why Does the Lung Hyperinflate? Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2006 Apr 1;3(2):176–9.
26. Andreeva E, Pokhaznikova M, Lebedev A, et al. Spirometry is not enough to diagnose COPD in epidemiological studies: a follow-up study. Npj Prim Care Respir Med. 2017 Nov 14;27(1):1–9.
27. Holt NR, Thompson BR, Miller B, et al. Substantial variation exists in spirometry interpretation practices for airflow obstruction in accredited lung function laboratories across Australia and New Zealand. Intern Med J. 2019 Jan 1;49(1):41–7.
28. Schermer TR, Robberts B, Crockett AJ, et al. Should the diagnosis of COPD be based on a single spirometry test? Npj Prim Care Respir Med. 2016 Sep 29;26(1):1–8.
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