Diagnosis Bayi Prematur

Oleh :

Josephine Darmawan

Diagnosis bayi prematur dapat dilakukan secara prenatal ataupun setelah bayi lahir dengan menilai usia gestasi bayi. Usia gestasi dapat dinilai berdasarkan hari pertama haid terakhir (HPHT), pemeriksaan fisik seperti menggunakan skor Ballard dan pemeriksaan penunjang dengan ultrasonografi prenatal. Diagnosis prematuritas dan penilaian usia gestasi semakin akurat jika dilakukan dengan kombinasi beberapa metode penilaian.[4-6]

Bayi prematur atau neonatus kurang bulan (NKB) kemudian dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan usia gestasi menjadi bayi prematur moderat yakni usia gestasi 32-37 minggu, bayi sangat prematur yakni usia gestasi 28–32 minggu, bayi prematur ekstrem yakni usia gestasi <28 minggu.

Berat badan bayi prematur juga perlu diperhatikan dan disesuaikan dengan usia gestasi yakni kecil masa kehamilan (KMK), sesuai masa kehamilan (SMK), dan lebih masa kehamilan (LMK). Sehingga, didapatkan diagnosis NKB – KMK atau NKB – SMK.[1,6]

Referensi

1. World Health Organization. Preterm birth. WHO. 2018. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/preterm-birth
2. World Health Organization, Save the Children, PMNCH, March of Dimes. Born Too Soon: the global action report of preterm birth. Howson C, Kinney M, Lawn J, editors. WHO. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.
4. Department of Health. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pregnancy Care. Canberra: Australian Government Department of Health; 2019.
5. Lee A, Panchal P, Folger L. Diagnostic Accuracy of Neonatal Assessment for Gestational Age Determination: A Systematic Review. Pediatrics. 2017;140:e20171423.
6. McKee-Garrett T. Postnatal assessment of gestational age. UpToDate. 2018. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/postnatal-assessment-of-gestational-age
7. Furdon S. Prematurity. Medscape. 2017. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/975909-overview
8. Sharma D. Golden hour of neonatal life: Need of the hour. Matern Heal Neonatol Perinatol. 2017;3:16.
11. Mandy G. Short-term complications of the preterm infant. UpToDate. 2019. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/short-term-complications-of-the-preterm-infant
20. Arshpreet D. Validity of Modified Ballard Score after 7 Days of Life. Int J Med Res Heal Sci. 2017;6:79–83.
21. Gomella T, Cunningham M, Eyal F, Tuttle D. Gestational Age and Birthweight Classification. In: Neonatology: Management, Procedures, On-Call Problems, Diseases, and Drugs. 7th ed. USA: McGraw-Hill Education; 2013.
22. Goldwire M.Clinical Considerations in Premature Infants. Medscape. 2013. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/805512
23. Suman V, Luther EE. Preterm Labor.2022. In: StatPearls.Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK536939/
24. Strauss R. Anaemia of Prematurity: Pathophysiology & Treatment. Blood Rev. 2010;24:221–5.
25. Bhutani V, Wong R. Hyperbilirubinemia in the preterm infant (less than 35 weeks gestation). UpToDate. 2019. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/hyperbilirubinemia-in-the-preterm-infant-less-than-35-weeks-gestation
26. Chung HR. Screening and management of thyroid dysfunction in preterm infants. Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2019;24:15–21.
27. Fierson W, American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Ophth, AAP American Academy of Ophtalmology, AAP American Association for Pediatric Ophtalmology and Strabismus, AAP American Association of Certified Orthoptists. Screening Examination of Premature Infants for Retinopathy of Prematurity. Pediatrics. 2018;142:e20183061.
28. Aleem S, Greenber R. When to Include a Lumbar Puncture in the Evaluation for Neonatal Sepsis. Neoreviews. 2019;20:e124–34.

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