Epidemiologi Disentri

Oleh :

dr. Ghifara Huda SE AAAK

Epidemiologi disentri menyebar di seluruh dunia dengan terpusat pada negara berkembang yang memiliki tingkat sanitasi yang rendah. Angka insidensi disentri basiler terbanyak adalah pada anak-anak dengan usia 1 hingga 4 tahun. Kondisi ini menjadikan disentri basiler sebagai penyebab diare tersering pada anak-anak berusia dibawah 5 tahun, di Afrika dan Asia Selatan.

Prinsip penularan disentri amuba adalah dengan tertelannya makanan yang terkontaminasi feses yang mengandung kista matang. Oleh sebab itu, disentri amuba sering ditemukan pada wisatawan yang melakukan perjalanan ke wilayah endemik.[3,6,10,20,21]

Global

Referensi

1. Williams PCM, Berkley JA. Guidelines for the treatment of dysentery (shigellosis): a systematic review of the evidence. Paediatrics and International Child Health. 2018;38(sup1):S50–S65. https://doi.org/10.1080/20469047.2017.1409454
2. Prabhurajeshwar C, Kelmani C. Shigellosis: A Conformity Review of the Microbiology, Pathogenesis and Epidemiology with Consequence for Prevention and Management issues. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology. 2018;12(1):405-417. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/JPAM.12.1.48
3. Aslam A, Okafor CN. Shigella. StatPearls. 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482337/
6. Williams P, Berkley JA. Dysentry (Shigellosis) Current WHO Guidelines and The WHO Essential Medicine List for Children. 2016. https://www.who.int/selection_medicines/committees/expert/21/applications/s6_paed_antibiotics_appendix5_dysentery.pdf
10. Kotloff KL, et al. Shigellosis. The Lancet. 2018;391(10122):801-812. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33296-8
11. Pocket Book of Hospital Care in Children:Guidelines for the Management of Common Childhood Illnesses. Dysentery. World Health Organization. 2013;II:143-146. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/81170/9789241548373_eng.pdf;jsessionid=CE5C46916607EF413AA9FCA89B84163F?sequence=1
15. Keshav A, et al. Shigella Infection. BMJ Best Practice: 2016. https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1174
16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Amebiasis. 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/amebiasis/
20. Belay, Amogne & Dube, Lamessa & Mogas, Solomon. 2018. Determinants of Acute Bloody Diarrhea among Adult Outpatient Visits in Bibugn District, Northern Ethiopia. Quality in primary care. 26. 13-19.
21. Hines JZ, Pinsent T, Rees K, Vines J, Bowen A, et al. Notes from the Field: Shigellosis Outbreak Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Homeless Persons - Oregon, 2015-2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Aug 12;65(31):812-3.
22. Kotloff KL, Nataro JP, Blackwelder WC, et al. Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study. Lancet 2013; 382:209–22.
23. Swaminathan A, Torresi J, Schlagenhauf et al. Geosentinel Network. A global study of pathogens and host risk factors associated with infectious gastrointestinal disease in returned international travellers. J infect 2009,59;19-27. 2
24. Gunther J, Shafir S, Bristow B, Sorvillo F. Short report: amebiasis-related mortality among United States residents, 1990-2007. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2011; 85(6): 1038-40.
25. Indonesia Communicable disease profile. 2006 June. https://www.who.int/diseasecontrol_emergencies/toolkits/indonesia_profile_jul_2006.pdf
26. Purnomo B, Hegar B. Intestinal amebiasis in children with bloody diarrhea. The Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Digestive Endoscopy. 2011;12(2):104-108
27. Dhawan VK. Amebiasis Treatment & Management.

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